CIGARETTE SMOKING
Cigarette smoking is an important cause of death worldwide, accounting for more or less 5 million of the 57 million deaths globally, primarily through heart attacks, strokes and lung disease. In South Africa, smoking accounts for more than 25 000 deaths per year - roughly 5% of the total deaths.
The increased health risks associated with cigarette smoking are well-known and diseases which can be related to this risk include coronary heart disease, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which are among the major killers worldwide. In order to understand this increased risk better, it is necessary to refer to a process called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a process during which oxygen triggers the formation of oxidant compounds and free radicals, which have the ability to cause destructive changes in the body. These changes are suspected of initiating some of the early stages of many diseases, including cancer and heart disease.
Cigarette smoke contains an abundance of free radicals and other oxidants. Smokers therefore have a significant exposure to oxidative stress and this may be one of the pathways through which smoking contributes to the development of disease. The direct exposure from cigarette smoke, however, represents only a portion of the oxidative stress experienced by smokers. Emerging evidence indicates that cigarette smoke also contributes to additional oxidant formation in the body through effects on the inflammatory –immune response.
The word ‘antioxidant’ is well-known to most health-conscious individuals. In essence, antioxidants are nutrient substances which prevent the formation of excess harmful oxidants and free radicals in the body. In this way they impede the process of oxidative stress and prevent damage. Some micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) act as antioxidants and represent one line of defense against oxidative stress, such as that which stems from smoking. These micronutrients consumed in the diet may thus act to diminish some of the adverse effects of cigarette smoking. Antioxidant micronutrients that have been the topic of research in relation to smoking are vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids.
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin and is essential for normal functioning of the body. Unlike most mammals, humans do not have the ability to produce their own vitamin C and, therefore, must obtain it through their diet. Apart from its antioxidant capacity, vitamin C may also be able to reactivate other antioxidants, such as vitamin E, so that they can be reused by the body. This vitamin is also involved in several enzyme systems for the synthesis of collagen (connective tissues, cartilage, teeth and skin), healing of wounds and conversion of nutrients into their functional forms. Furthermore, vitamin C is essential for immune system function, promotes resistance to infection, protects lung function, and enhances iron absorption from non-haeme food sources, which is found primarily in fruits, vegetables, dried beans, nuts and grain products.
When comparing smokers with non-smokers, evidence consistently indicates that current smokers have lower blood levels of vitamin C. Additionally, studies have shown decreasing vitamin C levels as the number of cigarettes smoked per day increases.
HOW DO WE EXPLAIN THIS DECREASE IN THE BLOOD LEVELS OF VITAMIN C?
One of the reasons smokers can be expected to have lower blood levels of antioxidant micronutrients is based on the simple observation that smokers tend to eat less healthy diets than non-smokers in general, and also specifically tend to consume fruits and vegetables, the major sources of vitamin C less frequently, than non-smokers.. However, this observation alone cannot fully explain the documented lower blood levels, since reduced blood vitamin C levels in smokers are present, even when adjustments are made for differences in vitamin C intake. More recent research findings indicate that the exposure of blood plasma to cigarette smoke depletes vitamin C present in the plasma. Essentially though, the complex interrelationships between smoking and dietary patterns and between dietary patterns and blood levels of vitamin C and other antioxidant micronutrients remain to be fully elucidated and specific mechanisms and pathways need to be clarified.
SMOKERS NEED MORE VITAMIN C
The Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board in the USA, have formulated the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) with the aim at maximizing health and improving quality of life, which includes the reduction of risk of chronic disease. In view of the relationship between smoking, vitamin C and chronic disease risk, an additional intake of 35mg/day above the DRIs for gender and age has been recommended for individuals who choose to smoke, based on the available data (Table 1).
With prevention being an obvious better alternative than cure, it is clear that the focus and emphasis should be on interventions to stop and discourage cigarette smoking and in doing so, to promote a healthier lifestyle. However, since many people worldwide find it very difficult to stop smoking, it would be prudent to recognize the important interaction between smoking and vitamin C, and to act proactively according to current recommendations by increasing the dietary intake of this vitamin. Good food sources of vitamin C include citrus fruit, strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, guava, potato, paw-paw and broccoli.
Smoking and Vitamin C
Scurvy Science – Antiscorbutic Foods and Vitamin C
What is scurvy?
Scurvy is a disease caused by lack of vitamin C in the diet, causing symptoms of bleeding gums, painful joints and raised red lesions on the skin. Vitamin C is used along with an enzyme in the body to produce collagen. Collagen is like a protein ‘glue’, holding tissue together, especially when healing wounds. When collagen production is low due to vitamin C deficiency, tissues break down and severe cases of scurvy can result in death.
History of scurvy treatment on sea voyages
Many sailors died from scurvy on long voyages, until ship captains experimented with different types of food. On long sea voyages, they needed to carry preserved food rather than fresh food to prevent supplies from rotting. These preserved foods (such dried ship’s biscuit) contained low levels of vitamin C, so scurvy often developed in the crew. Certain foods called antiscorbutics, with high concentrations of vitamin C were experimented with during long voyages.
Vitamin C breaks down easily, particularly in warm environments, on exposure to air and in alkaline environments (such as during cooking). This caused problems during long voyages as the antiscorbutics gradually lost their nutritional value during storage.
Eventually, the Dutch, Germans and British worked out how to eliminate crew deaths from scurvy. The Dutch and Germans served 500 grams of raw or boiled sauerkraut per crew member twice a week. This seemed to be enough to ward off scurvy and was served more frequently when scurvy symptoms surfaced. James Lind from Scotland concluded in 1753 that lemon juice was an effective cure for scurvy and James Cook was renowned for convincing his crew to eat sauerkraut. Cook used a little psychology in persuading his crew to eat the sauerkraut by suggesting that it was only good enough for the officers. So, the lower ranked crew insisted that they should also receive a ration of sauerkraut!
Although they were not aware of the existence of vitamin C during the 18th century, they understood that antiscorbutic foods prevented the development of scurvy. Green vegetation such as grass was also collected on stops along the way to supplement their diet and were important supplies of vitamin C. For example, while Cook circumnavigated New Zealand in HMB Endeavour, they often stopped to collect wild celery and scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraccum), which were viewed as antiscorbutics. They also ate the young hearts of the cabbage palms (Cordyline australis) which contains significant amounts of vitamin C.
Antiscorbutics carried on HMB Endeavour included: malt, sauerkraut, marmalade of carrots, mustard, portable soup, rob of lemon and orange. The malt infusion was thought to be a good treatment for scurvy, but modern measurements show that it has a very low level of vitamin C. Rob of lemon is simply concentrated lemon juice. It was used sparingly on those who showed symptoms of scurvy. While limes and lemons have good vitamin C content, it tends to break down easily and degenerated over the course of the voyage.When sailing on HMS Resolution I and II, Cook stocked the same antiscorbutics as he had on HMB Endeavour. The malt was hopped on board and allowed to ferment into wort and evaporated into a thick syrup. The wort was mixed as one part to ten parts of water to form beer. Weekly antiscorbutics served included fermented or fresh cabbage and reconstituted portable broth with peas. The portable broth was reconstituted from a stored thick gel and cut with boiling water.
Vitamin C levels of foods
Listed below are the Vitamin C contents of foods which would have been consumed during a typical voyage. Values are in milligrams per 100 grams of food.
Lemon (raw, peeled) = 48mg
Lemon juice concentrate = 230mg
Lime (raw, peeled) = 47mg
Sauerkraut = 10 to 15mg
Cabbage (white, raw) = 45mg
Cabbage (unsalted, boiled) = 36mg
Biscuit (oatmeal, wheatmeal) = 0 mg
Malt = 0.1mg
Whiting (fish raw or steamed) = 1mg
The biochemistry of scurvy
When the body does not have enough vitamin C, collagen is not produced properly. This causes blood capillaries to haemorrhage blood and cause weakness and joint pain. Raised red spots on the skin turn into lesions after five months of a lack of vitamin C. Teeth become loose and gums bleed – making it difficult to eat. Eventually – the body’s tissues break down and the sufferer may die. As well as preventing tissue breakdown, vitamin C helps the body to absorb iron. While vitamin C has been popularly suggested to prevent colds and flu, it has not yet been scientifically proven.
The chemical name for vitamin C is ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid is water soluble and is absorbed into the blood in the upper part of the small intestine and excreted in the urine.
Humans need less than 300mg of vitamin C stored in their body before scurvy will develop. Depending on age and pregnancy, recommended vitamin C intakes range from 30 to 95mg per day. Vitamin C poisoning can occur in humans if too much is consumed. The upper safe limit is about 2 000mg for adults.
Normally, ascorbic acid is synthesised from simple sugars by plants and most animal species. Only humans, monkeys, guinea pigs, fruit eating bats, and two species of Indian birds do not have the enzyme to produce vitamin C or ascorbic acid and must obtain it from their diet.
What is anemia?
Anemia is a blood disorder that is defined as:
• a level of red blood cells (RBCs) that is below normal, or
• a level of hemoglobin that is below normal (hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells).
There are several forms of anemia, such as:
• iron deficiency anemia
• hemolytic anemia (destruction of RBCs)
• vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia
• folic acid deficiency anemia
• anemias caused by inherited abnormalities of RBCs (for example, sickle cell anemia and thalassemia)
• anemia caused by chronic (ongoing) disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
How do the different forms of anemia occur?
Iron deficiency anemia:
This most common form of anemia is caused by blood loss. For example, women lose blood during their menstrual periods and from repeated pregnancies. This type of anemia may also develop if you have internal bleeding in the stomach (as with ulcers) or in the intestine (as with colon cancer).
Iron deficiency anemia can also be caused by a lack of iron in the diet. Pregnant women may have this form of anemia because the baby uses the mother's iron to make red blood cells and to grow.
Hemolytic anemia:
This kind of anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed or damaged by infection, drugs, or inherited conditions.
Vitamin B-12 (cobalamin) deficiency anemia:
This type of anemia results when the stomach or intestines have trouble absorbing vitamin B-12. For example, an immune system disorder called pernicious anemia prevents normal absorption of the vitamin by the intestinal tract. Stomach or intestinal illness, some medicines, and some inherited disorders may also cause vitamin B-12 deficiency. Some vegetarians may not get enough vitamin B-12 from the foods they eat.
Besides causing anemia, a lack of vitamin B-12 affects the nervous system and may cause symptoms of numbness, tingling, balance problems, depression, or memory problems
Folic acid deficiency anemia:
Anemia due to a lack of folic acid in the diet is similar to B-12 deficiency anemia, but there is no damage to specific nerves. However, it can cause depression. Not having enough folic acid in the diet can also cause birth defects. This anemia is common in:
• alcoholics, who often suffer from malnutrition
• pregnant women
• people whose intestines have problems absorbing nutrients from food
• people using some daily medicines, such as phenytoin, sulfasalazine, and possibly birth control pills.
Anemia caused by inherited problems with red blood cells:
The most common types of inherited problems that cause anemia because the red blood cells are abnormal are sickle cell anemia and thalassemia.
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease that causes abnormal, sickle-shaped red blood cells. Sickle cell disease is most prevalent among people who are African, African American, Mediterranean (Italian or Greek), middle Eastern, East Indian, Caribbean, and Central or South American. The abnormal RBCs are damaged or destroyed as they pass through the circulatory system. The anemia causes many symptoms. It can cause a condition called sickle cell crisis. The crisis may occur under certain conditions such as altitude or pressure changes, low oxygen, or some illnesses. In sickle cell crisis the RBCs become even more deformed and block tiny blood vessels, causing acute, prolonged pain and other complications.
Thalassemias are a group of inherited anemias caused by abnormal hemoglobin. The abnormal hemoglobin may cause abnormal red blood cells as well as low hemoglobin levels. Thalassemias most commonly affect people of Mediterranean descent, but some types also affect peoples of Africa, Asia, India, and the South Pacific. Most forms of thalassemia are mild, but some forms cause life-threatening disease in children.
Anemia caused by disease:
Anemia caused by ongoing (chronic) disease is common in people who have:
• cancer
• leukemia
• inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis
• ongoing infections
• kidney disease.
What are the symptoms?
Mild anemia usually does not produce symptoms.
More severe anemia is associated with:
• weakness
• fatigue
• pale skin, gums, skin creases, and nailbeds.
Other symptoms of worsening anemia include:
• lightheadedness, especially when you change positions, for example, when you stand up
• fast heartbeat
• shortness of breath
• fainting
• chest pain
• heart failure.
Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes) may be a symptom of hemolytic anemia.
How is it diagnosed?
Your health care provider will carefully review your symptoms and examine you. You will have a complete blood count (CBC) to confirm anemia and to see how severe it is. You may need other blood tests to determine the type of anemia.
How is it treated?
The treatment depends on the type of anemia you have. You will have follow-up visits with your health care provider to check your blood count and the effect of your treatment.
Iron deficiency anemia:
To treat iron deficiency anemia (if there is no underlying disease causing blood loss), your health care provider will simply prescribe iron supplements and/or a diet of foods rich in iron.
Iron tablets may have side effects such as abdominal cramps; nausea; constipation; and dark, hard stools. To lessen side effects, your health care provider will start you on a low dose of iron and slowly increase your dose to the necessary amount. He or she may suggest that you take vitamin C with the iron pills to help your body absorb the iron. Taking the iron at mealtimes can help prevent stomach and intestinal upset.
Do not take antacids and do not eat or drink any dairy products at the same time you take the iron pills. Antacids and dairy products prevent the body from absorbing iron.
Only rarely are iron shots needed.
Vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia:
If you have this form of anemia because your stomach does not absorb vitamin B-12 well, the usual treatment is a shot of vitamin B-12 once a month. In some cases your health care provider may prescribe an oral tablet.
Folic acid deficiency anemia:
The treatment for folic acid deficiency anemia is daily oral folate tablets. This anemia is similar to vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia. You should not start taking folate supplements until your health care provider has made sure you do not have vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia.
Anemia caused by inherited abnormalities of RBCs:
Sickle cell anemia usually requires frequent treatments. Sickle cell crisis requires IV fluids, rest, pain relief, and sometimes a blood transfusion.
The treatment for thalassemia depends on such factors as the severity of the anemia, your age, and the risk of blood transfusions. When blood transfusions are needed for acute anemia, there is a small risk that you will get a blood-borne disease such as hepatitis or AIDS, even though donated blood is carefully screened. For this reason, your health care provider will recommend a transfusion only when it is clearly the best treatment for you. People who have thalassemia must not take iron tablets.
Anemia caused by chronic disease:
Fortunately, the effects of this type of anemia usually tend to be mild. For certain conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, your health care provider may prescribe regular shots of erythropoietin. These shots cause your body to make more red blood cells.
How long will the effects last?
The symptoms of mild, easily treated anemias, such as iron deficiency anemia, respond quickly to treatment and improve in just a few days.
The symptoms of chronic anemias, such as sickle cell anemia, come and go. Anemia associated with a chronic disease usually improves or worsens as the disease improves or worsens.
How can I take care of myself?
Follow your health care provider's instructions. Take your medicine as prescribed.
What can I do to help prevent anemia and problems it causes?
The prevention of anemia depends on the cause. If your anemia is caused by a deficiency in your diet, eating foods rich in the missing nutrient will help to prevent a recurrence.
To prevent the complications of vitamin B-12 deficiency anemia, follow your health care provider's treatment of vitamin B-12 injections.
If you have sickle cell disease, it is important not to get dehydrated (that is, not to lose too much body fluid). Dehydration can trigger a sickle cell crisis.
Genetic counseling is important for families with inherited anemias.
Herbal Plants
Herbal plant is a valuable plant that you can use some or almost every part of it for many treatments. Some people use its part such as dried leaves, roots, flowers, etc for curing diseases. Some use its chemical substance such as its extract oil for therapy. Furthermore, you can also use herbs as cooking recipes. Consequently, herbs have many benefits but the main purpose of using them is to maintain good health.
There are many kinds of herbal plants and each part of herbal plant used is different. Herbal plants can be used for various purposes that depend on your demand. You can use them for relief healing such as Aloe and some kinds of herbs and can be grown for a garden full of their sweet smelling. Crafting with herbs can make a satisfactory and beautiful home. Artemisia is a beautiful herb that is easily grown in the garden or Giver King is a lovely herb that has a fresh herbal scent and dried floral such as sunflower, roses or anything else are suitable for your crafting.
Herbs are natural in the kitchen such as lemon, pepper, chili or anything else. Many excellent cosmetics come from herbs.
Almost all herbs are used for improvement human health. Herbs have long been known for therapy. You can make excellent skin tonic and fragrance in the soap and hair conditioner from herbs. Some kinds of herbs have been used in the control of acne and eczema. You can use some kinds of herbs for relieving headache and as a stimulant and tonic.
There are several reasons why herbal plants become popular plants. One of the main reasons, of course, is that each herbal plant has various properties. For example, Lavender has long been known for its classic fragrance. Although Lavender is a fragrant flower, it is also an important medicinal herb. The oil from flowers can be used to protect cloths and store linens from moths. It can be used as a scent in air fresheners. The oil can be applied as a stimulant, tonic, headache relief and for relief of intestinal gas. Disinfecting wounds can be cured by using the oil from Lavender. In addition, Lavender oil can relieve neuralgic pains, sprains and sore joints.
Furthermore, Rosemary has been named the herb of the year by the International Herb Association. In ancient Greece and Rome rosemary was believed to strengthen memory. Rosemary has long been known for its therapeutic power. If you suffer from nightmares, you should try placing a sprig under the pillow of a sleeper. It will treat you. A product of Rosemary, for example, Rosemary tea helps digestion but it takes time as a soothing drink to calm the nerves and induce sleep. Rosemary oil is an excellent conditioning effect on the hair, helping to control dandruff and even, be alleged, curing baldness.
Moreover, Aloe Vera is known as a medicinal plant because it has many useful parts to treat many diseases. For example, the clear gel has a dramatic ability to heal wounds, ulcers and burns by putting a protective coating on the affected areas and speeding up the healing rate. As a food supplement, Aloe is said to facilitate digestion, aid in blood and lymphatic circulation. It helps cleanse the digestive tract by exerting a soothing, balancing effect because it has three anti – inflammatory fatty acids. And for another thing, Aloe has a moisturizing effect on the skin. It is a common remedy for sun burn and skin irritation. It can relieve itching due to insect bites.
Another useful plant is Ginkgo, which is the oldest living tree species and its dried leaf can be used as a sacred herb. Ginkgo is often used to treat elderly persons with Alzheimer’s and other symptoms of cerebral insufficiency because it has benefits of enhancing circulation in the brain including improvement of short and long-term memory which increases reaction time and improves mental clarity. Moreover, Ginkgo may help to counteract the effects of aging, including mental fatigue and lack of energy. It has been used to relieve tension and anxiety, improve mental alertness and elevate mood and restore energy. This herb is also used as a treatment for vertigo, ringing in the ears and a variety of neurological disorders and circulation problems; for example, the Ginkgolides have been shown to control allergic inflammation, anaphylactic shock and asthma. For one thing, Ginkgo may also help control the transformation of cholesterol to plague associated with the hardening of arteries, and can relax constricted blood vessels. The herb has been used in treatment of other circulation-related disorders because of its beneficial effects on circulatory system.
Conclusion
Herbal plants are very beneficial because they can be used for various proposes. They can be used for healing, crafting and cooking but almost all herbs are used for improving human health. They can be used for therapeutic treatments, control of acne and eczema, making skin tonic, astringent and deodorant and applications as a stimulant and headache relief. Using each herbal plant depends on its various properties. Lavender, for instance, is not only well - known for its classic fragrance, but it can also be used as a medicinal herb. Another useful herbal plant is Rosemary, which is widely known for its therapeutic abilities and another medicinal plant is Aloe Vera that has a moisturizing effect on skin and helps speeding up the healing rate. Another useful plant is Ginkgo. It is often used to treat elderly persons with Alzheimer’s and effects on circulatory system.
The Aging Face
In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in, and media coverage of anti-aging treatments and procedures. Men and women of the baby boom generation have taken pride in their attention to fitness and healthy lifestyles and it’s no surprise that they would also want to maintain a youthful look into middle age and beyond. After all, most of us would like to look as good as we feel. We are lucky that we live in a time when there are so many new options for rejuvenation besides the traditional facelift.
With the plethora of new techniques and products out there, it is easy to become confused. Most people have heard of Botox, lasers, collagen and chemical peels, but knowing which procedure is right for any individual will usually require professional help.
To clarify the confusion, it is helpful to think about the different components of the aging face. Starting from the outside and working in, the five main components of the aging face are:
1.sun damage (also known as photodamage)
2.dynamic wrinkles
3.volume loss
4.gravity
5.bone loss
I. Sun Damage
We all know that the sun damages the skin. But how does this happen? Ultraviolet radiation from the sun (which is present even on cold or overcast days) can overwhelm our skin’s natural defenses and cause damage to cellular DNA, which, over time can lead to the development of skin cancers. Ultraviolet energy also causes the formation of free radicals in the skin. Free radicals are charged, highly unstable molecules that trigger chemical reactions that lead to collagen breakdown (and thus, the formation of wrinkles). Sun exposure also stimulates pigment production leading to freckles and brown spots and to the formation of enlarged and broken capillaries. Finally, the sallow, dull skin tone we associate with aging is due to an irregular thickening of the outer layer of skin, also triggered by chronic sun exposure.
Treatment Options
Sunscreens/Sun Protection
The daily use of a broad spectrum sunscreen is obviously of paramount importance in keeping our skin young. There are two types of sunscreens: chemical and physical. Chemical sunscreens absorb the damaging ultraviolet energy, converting it into heat energy. (This is why many people complain of feeling “hot” when using sunscreens.) Physical sunblocks containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, deflect the ultraviolet rays from reaching the skin, with zinc oxide being the most effective. Both chemical and physical sunscreens are effective, but chemical free sunscreens (which contain only physical sunblocks) may be a better choice for people with sensitive skin. The term “broad spectrum coverage” means that a sunscreen blocks both harmful types of ultraviolet radiation, ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B. Most sunscreens do a good job of blocking ultraviolet B, which is the shorter wavelength and is responsible for sunburn. In fact, the SPF rating refers to ultraviolet B protection and is based on the amount of time one can safely stay in the sun before getting a burn. However, sunburn is not the only adverse effect we need to protect ourselves against. Ultraviolet A is a longer wavelength of light, and can come through glass. This is the wavelength that causes most of our aging changes, such as freckles, darks spots, and wrinkles. If you’ve ever wondered why you have more sun damage on the left side of your face (the driving side), it is because of the ultraviolet A. This is also the main wavelength used in tanning beds (along with some ultraviolet B), so why pay for sun damage when you can get it for free? There currently aren’t any good standardized ratings systems for ultraviolet A protection, so the best thing to do is look for a sunscreen that contains one or more of the following ingredients: zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, avobenzone (also known as Parsol 1798), and two newer ingredients, Helioplex and Mexoryl SX. The American Academy of Dermatology has recently announced that it will start bestowing the AAD Seal of Recognition to sunscreen products that meet its high standards.
Many people have heard that sunscreens with an SPF over 15 are unnecessary. This might be true if people used sunscreens correctly, but to compensate for inadequate application, we recommend using an SPF of 30 for every day, and even higher if you plan to be outdoors all day. Ideally, sunscreens should be reapplied every 2-3 hours. It should take 1/2 teaspoon to cover the face, and one teaspoon for each arm. One to two teaspoons is needed for each leg and for the trunk. If you still have leftover sunscreen in the bottle at the end of the summer, you haven’t been using enough! There are many moisturizing sunscreens that can be used as an under makeup moisturizer. There are also some sunscreens that are more appropriate for oilier skin types.
Aside from the use of sunscreens, remember that sun avoidance is probably more important. Try to avoid mid-day sun, between 10:00 and 4:00, or the period when your shadow is shorter than you are. Wear a broad-brimmed hat to protect your face and ears (ball caps just don’t protect much) and clothing with a tight weave. Wear long sleeves, if possible. Remember that the sun can reflect up onto your face from water, sand, and concrete. Don’t be fooled by cloudy days, as 80% of the ultraviolet rays come through clouds. Remember, there is no such thing as a safe tan. Tanning is the skin’s response to injury.
Recently there has been some press, mainly sponsored by the indoor tanning industry, warning the public of vitamin D deficiency resulting from too much sun protection. It is true that Vitamin D is “the sunshine vitamin” and is synthesized by the skin in response to sun exposure. However, it only takes 7 to 10 minutes of unprotected sunlight on our face or arms once or twice a week to generate adequate Vitamin D levels. Nevertheless, we do recommend a daily Vitamin D supplement of 1000-1200 units daily, especially for people at risk for osteoporosis. (More about that below).
Retinoids
Topical retinoids, such as prescription Retin-A, Renova, Avage, and Tazorac, as well as over-the-counter retinol, are all vitamin A derivatives that have many beneficial effects on the skin, including induction of new collagen formation (decrease in fine wrinkling), lightening of pigmentation, and improvement of skin tone and texture. Retinoids are the gold standard when it comes to treating the signs of sun damage. However, they can be irritating and may not be tolerated by sensitive skin types. They also make your skin more sensitive to the sun, so daily sunscreen use is mandatory with these products.
Topical antioxidants
Antioxidants are molecules that can neutralize free radicals. Skin products containing antioxidants can be useful in addition to sunscreens, as sunscreens only block 55% of free radical formation. There are many topical antioxidants on the market now, including vitamin antioxidants B, C, and E, botanical antioxidants such as green tea, flavones, grapeseed extract, coffeeberry, curcumin, soy, and others, as well as idebenone and Co-Q-10. Many products contain multiple antioxidant ingredients. Some still require human clinical studies to prove their efficacy, but all are promising.
Our favorites: a. Skinceuticals CE Ferulic serum: proven antioxidant activity in the
skin, as well as pigment-lightening and collagen-inducing effects.
Also doubles the photoprotection of your sunscreen. Apply in the
morning, under your sunscreen.
b.Replenix serum, cream: These products contain green tea polyphenols
for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. They make a nice addition to acne and rosacea therapies.
Alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids, polyhydroyacids
This group of products are mainly known for their ability to induce microcopic
exfoliation, leading to smoother skin and improved tone and texture. However, they also stimulate collagen synthesis and improve skin barrier function (helping to maintain moisture). Alpha-hydroxy acids include fruit acids from citrus, apples, and grapes, and glycolic acid from sugar cane. They are useful in treating photoaging changes. Beta-hydroxy acid, also known as salicylic acid, is more fat soluble, and targets oil glands, making it useful for treating oily, acne-prone skin. Polyhydroxy acids are structurally similar to alpha-hydroxy acids, and have the same beneficial effects, but are more gentle and moisturizing, making them a good choice for sensitive skin types.
Our favorites: a.. M.D. Forte glycolic acid products. This is a line of glycolic acid
products for the face and body. Buffered to minimize irritation.
b.Topix Gly/Sal pads. These single use pads can be wiped on the face,
back, or arms to treat photoaging, acne, or rough skin.
c.Neostrata Bionic Face Cream, Ultra-moisturizing Face Cream.
Polyhydroxy acid containg facial moisturizers, good for dry, sensitive skin.
Other Cosmeceuticals
There are newer products on the market, such as growth factors, pentapeptides, and hexapeptides that show promise in skin regeneration, but there is less clinical data proving their efficacy. Pentapeptides, such as Strivectin and Olay Regenerist may help to induce new collagen formation, and some studies do show a clinical improvement in wrinkles. Growth factors, such as TGF-B1, which is found in TNS Recovery Complex, have been shown to decrease wrinkling. These products are expensive, and more studies are needed. Hexapeptides, such as Argireline, are purported to have some similar effects to Botox on muscles, but it is unclear whether they can penetrate deep enough to have a significant effect.
Bleaching Agents
Freckles and dark spots can be addressed in several ways. Sunscreens are an important first step, of course, because improvement cannot be achieved if the affected areas are still getting stimulated by the sun. A prescription bleaching agent called hydroquinone is very effective in lightening dark spots. It works by inhibiting the formation of pigment by melanocytes (pigment producing cells). It is often used in conjunction with topical retinoids, which enhance their penetration. Hydroquinone can be irritating in some people, and can be combined with a mild topical steroid to counteract this effect. Several months are required to see maximum effects. There are also other compounds that can lighten pigmentation, including prescription azelaic acid (Azelex, Finacea), and non-prescription products including Kojic acid, ascorbic acid, alpha and beta hydroxy acids, polyhydroxyacids, arbutin, soy proteins, and niacinamide (vitamin B3). Many of these agents are better tolerated than hydroquinone. All of these topical agents can be used in conjunction with more aggressive treatments, including chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser/light treatments.
Chemical Peels
Chemical peels are in-office procedures in which mild acids are applied to the face to produce exfoliation. The top skin cell layers are then shed, and replaced with fresh new cells. These procedures can be very effective in treating pigmentation problems as well as fine lines and dull skin tone. Chemical peels are classified as superficial, medium-depth, and deep, depending on the strength of the acid used. The stronger the acid, the deeper the exfoliation and the more benefit obtained. However, deeper peels will require longer healing times. The popular “lunchtime peel” is a glycolic acid peel, which usually has no downtime. Benefits are subtle, with improved skin texture and tone the most noticeable. Pigmentation can also be improved with these peels, though it takes a series that are administered in conjunction with topical bleaching agents. Salicylic acid peels are also superficial peels, and are most beneficial for oily and acne-prone skin. Medium depth peels are more helpful in treating pigmentation and fine lines, and will cause visible peeling for five to seven days. A series of four monthly peels is usually required to obtain optimal results. Deep peels are rarely performed anymore, as they have been associated with scarring and other complications.
Lasers, IPL
Most of the manifestations of sun damage (uneven pigmentation, broken capillaries, surface wrinkling, poor texture/tone) can be addressed with lasers and light treatments. There are many different lasers and light devices on the market. Laser (which is an acronym for “Light Amplified by Stimulated Emission of Radiation”) light consists of a column of monochromatic light (light of just one wavelength) that can generally target only one thing, such as hemoglobin, pigment, etc. Intense pulsed light devices emit a broad range of light wavelengths, with filters to cut off unneeded wavelengths. These devices can be used for a broader spectrum of uses, including treatment of vascular or pigmented lesions, or for hair reduction. The term “photofacial” treatment refers to treatment with an IPL device. Non-facial areas such as the neck, chest, and hands may be treated, as well as the face. Three to five treatments at two to four week intervals are usually needed to achieve optimal results. These treatments are best suited for lighter skin types. Photofacial treatments are ideal for targeting surface irregularities such as dark spots and red spots. The effect on skin texture and wrinkles is more subtle.
Laser resurfacing is the most aggressive way to treat sun damage and wrinkling, and can also treat acne scars. A carbon dioxide or erbium laser is used to vaporize the entire top layer of skin. As the skin heals, there is tissue contraction and tightening of the collagen, leading to a smoother surface and decreased wrinkling. This procedure, while very effective, has become less popular over the past 5 years due to the prolonged healing times and potential for complications. Other lasers have been introduced in recent years for “non-ablative” resurfacing; that is, tightening of collagen without producing an injury to the epidermis (outer layer of skin). These lasers, such as Cooltouch, Smoothbeam, and N-lite, have had the advantage of no downtime, but only achieve modest results.
Fractional laser resurfacing is a relatively new collagen-tightening procedure for the treatment of fine wrinkles and acne scarring. This new technology results in less downtime than the old resurfacing lasers by fractionating the delivery of laser energy into thousands of microthermal zones, with intervening normal skin, thus allowing for tissue tightening and much faster healing. Fraxel and other fractionated resurfacing lasers have been around for a few years and represent an exciting new addition to our anti-aging armamentarium. Newer generation fractional carbon dioxide resurfacing lasers (which penetrate deeper) are now in development, and promise to deliver significant results in just 1 or 2 treatments, as opposed to Fraxel and current offerings, which require 4-5 treatment sessions.
II. Dynamic Wrinkles
Dynamic wrinkles form on the face because, unlike in other parts of the body, the facial muscles insert directly into the skin. When muscles of facial expression are used, they pull on the overlying skin. Over time, repeated contractions create a crease. This is most noticeable in the forehead (horizontal creases), the frown area (vertical creases), and the crows’ feet areas (radial creases).
Treatment Options
The best way to address these lines is with the use of Botox to relax the underlying musculature. Botox is a protein that interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscle. It is highly effective and very safe. Botox has been used for over 20 years for various eye and neuromuscular disorders and has been used for cosmetic purposes for over 15 years. The effects of Botox wear off in 3 to 4 months, on average. Contrary to some popular misconceptions, Botox treatments do not create a “frozen” expression and do not affect skin sensation. In addition to the above-mentioned areas, Botox can also be used for lines around the mouth (“smokers’ lines”), chin dimpling, downturned mouth corners, and platysmal banding (prominent neck cords).
III.Volume Loss
As we enter middle age, our faces start to lose some of the fat and subcutaneous tissue that once gave us the soft rounded contours of childhood. This loss of volume is most noticeable in the cheeks, lower face, and lips
Treatment Options
A group of injectable products called “fillers” can be used to restore the lost volume, and are commonly used in the “smile lines”, the lips, and marionette lines (the creases from the mouth corners to the chin.) The three main groups of fillers in use now are collagen, hyaluronic acids, and calcium hydroxylapetite. Collagen is the oldest filler, and was first introduced in the 80’s. At that time, it was only available as bovine-derived collagen, and a skin test was necessary to test for possible allergy. However, there is now a bioengineered human collagen (CosmoPlast and CosmoDerm) that does not require skin testing. These products last 3 to 4 months, on average.
The second generation filler is the hyaluronic acid group, which includes Restylane, Juvederm, Hylaform, Captique, and Perlane. Hyaluronic acid is a complex sugar that is normally found in our skin and joints. It is the substance that gives our skin its suppleness by binding water. The hyaluronic acid fillers, with the exception of Hylaform, are non-animal derived, and have no requirement for skin testing. The chance of allergic reaction is extremely small and they are very safe. They generally last 6 to 9 months.
The third generation filler is Radiesse, which is a suspension of calcium hydroxylapetite microspheres in a gel carrier. The microspheres form a scaffold that supports and stimulates new growth of collagen. Over time, the spheres gradually break down and are naturally absorbed by the body. These injections are very safe, and no skin testing is required. The effects can last up to 18 months. It usually requires two treatment sessions, 8 weeks apart, to get final results. Radiesse , unlike other fillers, can also be used for cheek augmentation, cheek hollows and facial sculpting.
There are two other fillers, Artefill and Sculptra, which give long lasting results. Artefill is composed of polymethylmethacrylate spheres suspended in a bovine collagen carrier. It is the first permanent filler on the market, but there have been some reports of granulomas (allergic nodules) with this product. Sculptra is composed of poly-L-lactic acid, and, like Radiesse, provides a scaffold for new collagen formation, but there have also been concerns about granulomas with this product.
Volume restoration can also be done with own’s own fat. (Autologous fat grafting) This is obviously a more involved procedure, as it requires liposuction to harvest the fat from another part of the body.
IV. Gravity
Gravity eventually takes its toll on all our faces. As our cheeks descend, the fat pads under our eyes that had previously been concealed, become visible, making us look tired. The nasolabial folds (smile lines) deepen into grooves, our brows drop, and the jawline sags, forming jowls.
Treatment Options
Fillers, such as the hyaluronic acids and Radiesse, can be used in the cheeks, nasolabial folds and chin to prop up the cheeks, but in severe cases, surgery may be the best option.
Radiofrequency skin tightening is a non-laser procedure in which radiofrequency energy is used to heat the deep layers of skin, while the epidermis is protected by a cooling device. The result is heat injury to the collagen, which leads to wound healing/remodeling and tightening of the skin. These procedures (Thermage, Themacool, Titan) are somewhat painful, but can be moderately effective in tightening areas such as the forehead, cheeks, jawline, and neck and may be a good alternative for those who do not wish to have surgery.
Threadlifting (Contour threads) is a new procedure in which barbed suture material is inserted under the skin of the cheeks, forehead, and neck and anchored to the bone to provide an upward pull of the tissue. It is marketed as a “lunchtime facelift.” However, there are no long term studies showing its efficacy past 6 months.
V. Bone Loss
In addition to the volume loss discussed above, bone loss is also a factor in the aging face, especially the lower face. To maintain optimal bone health, it is important to get adequate vitamin D (1000-1200 units per day) and calcium (500-700 mg per day for women). Weight bearing exercise is important in maintaining bone mass, especially for women who are at an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Finally, a few more thoughts. Our skin reflects our general health, so it is important to keep our bodies healthy by eating a well-balanced diet with plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables (especially those that are high in antioxidants) and avoidance of processed foods and saturated fats. The best antioxidant foods are beets, blueberries, broccoli, brussel sprouts, kale, oranges, plums, red grapes, spinach, and strawberries. A multivitamin supplement with minerals(but not iron unless you are iron-deficient) is a good idea. Other supplements to optimize skin health would include:
1.Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil): 1-3 gm per day. Fish oil decreases insulin levels, improves circulation, increases energy levels and decreases hunger.
2.Co-Q-10, 100 mg per day: Also known as ubiquinone, this antioxidant is
present in all cells and is necessary for cellular energy production. It also neutralizes free radicals.
3.Alpha-lipoic acid: 100-200 mg per day: This antioxidant plays a central role in cellular energy production. It also decreases insulin resistance.
Getting adequate sleep and exercise are important for your skin tone and circulation. Smoking decreases the skin’s circulation and healing ability, and many studies have shown that smokers are more prone to wrinkling than nonsmokers. If you smoke, please try to quit! Your skin (and lungs) will thank you.
Acne: Getting Clear
Fast Facts-
Acne is a stress related condition unknown in cultures where strong personal/social reinforcement exists.
Stress theory is now emerging as the cause of acne because of more precise comprehensive biochemical analytical tools not previously available.
Stress pushes hormonal surges, which lead to uneven skin functions. Simply put- output usually exceeds waste processing and skin clogging
Acne is not a result of buildup of body toxins.
The underlying cause of stress must be addressed as a metabolic issue requiring individual support, topical correctives, stress management, and enhancement of the environment.
The use of exfoliating acids to treat acne leads to further inflammation and irritation. 302 Acne drops are outstanding for reducing inflammation and healing acne lesions.
Benzoyl peroxide is a potent free-radical and tumor promoter. It is commonly used as a spot treatment for acne; however, the side effects are skin deterioration! You can achieve the equivalent of a 4% benzoyl peroxide treatment with Green Tea and Tea Tree extracts.
Over-washing skin aggravates and promotes acne and inflammation. A thorough wash at night and a light rinse in the morning is plenty! 302 Cleansers and Face and Body Bar contain natural polyphenols that are antibacterial and antifungal, as well as green tea extracts which increase antibacterial effectiveness.
Topical Retinoids, like 302’s A Boost are very effective for increasing dermal thickness and improve the skins look and function. Recommended use not to exceed two times per week. Retinoids applied continuously greatly increase the risk of sunburn and severely thin and deplete the skin. The dosing of active topicals is critical for optimal results!
Beware of makeup, as it is increasingly an aggravator of the problem- especially liquid makeup and makeup designed to add more antioxidants and vitamins to the skin. Pure mineral makeup is the only realistic and safe alternative for coverage.
Traditional dermatology tends to prescribe oral antibiotics as a treatment, which never deals with the underlying cause. This can lead to further imbalance and a rebound effect of more acne and inflammation of the affected skin. The antibiotics go after bacteria, as well as healthy normal cells. This is like taking three steps back to go one forward. Taking a probiotic supplement and incorporating more probiotic foods on a daily basis will create balance in the body and enhance the immune system. For more information on incorporating probiotics into your diet you may visit www.bodyecologydiet.com or schedule a consultation with me.
The Holistic Biological Model for treating Acne-
Think renormalizing the tissues through enhancing the skins environment, a whole-foods balanced diet, and a practical stress reduction program that can be successfully integrated (yoga, dance, meditation, walking, singing, deep breathing, creative visualization) Make water (preferably structured, alkalized, and ionized) water your cleansing drink of choice.
For active and effective topicals for the treatment of acne, nothing is better than 302 Skincare products.
302 Skincare Program for homecare:
Face and Body Bar or Acne Cleanser-
Alternate using the cleansers for a thorough cleaning at night or only once per day.
302 Acne Drops-
To be used at night on clean skin after cleansing.
Calming Mist-
Use as needed for calming irritation and moisture, great for irritated skin.
The key here is less is best!! If you must use makeup make it a pure mineral makeup that won’t aggravate the skin.
Come in as often as possible for a deep cleansing and normalizing facial to facilitate the healing process.
Antimicrobial Applications
Clinicians have utilized iodine-based compositions to treat a wide range of human diseases. Early uses included treatment of goiter by Coindent in 1820 and syphillus by Lugol in 1831. Since 1950 most of the innovative medical studies with iodine rely upon the use of povidone-iodine, which is a topical disinfectant. The types of indications that have been studied with povidone-iodine include skin diseases, gingivitis/oral mucositis, and various ocular diseases. Unfortunately, povidone-iodine contains very low concentrations of molecular iodine (1 to 3 ppm) and very high concentrations of other inactive iodine species (>10,000 ppm). In pharmaceutical terms the “therapeutic index” of povidone-iodine is very low. The therapeutic index of a drug is the ratio of the largest safe dose to the smallest effective dose.
The lack of a suitable formulation of molecular iodine has not prevented physicians from exploring its potential to treat a range of indications with povidone-iodine. Unfortunately, the use of povidone-iodine limits the concentration of the active, molecular iodine, and increases staining and irritation. Despite povidone-iodine’s unoptimized composition, several published studies indicate that molecular iodine has potential therapeutic utility in several clinical settings.
Use of Molecular Iodine on Skin
Symbollon is has developed a topical formulation of molecular iodine, we refer to as IoDerm, and is preparing to submit an IND to the FDA based upon this composition. IoDerm is a topical gel formulation that provides molecular iodine upon admixture. IoDerm is the first of a new class of iodine-based topical formulations that will not stain skin but provides over 100 times more biocidal iodine than traditional iodophors. We believe this improved therapeutic index will allow IoDerm to address several unmet market needs.
An essential rationale for the use of molecular iodine to treat skin diseases is the observation that molecular iodine readily penetrates into skin and remains biocidal while it diffuses therein. Gottardi has examined the interaction of 10%-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and Lugol’s solution with skin. A comparison was made between an aqueous solution containing 170 ppm of molecular iodine and 10% PVP which contains approximately 5 ppm of molecular iodine; 10,000 ppm of tri-iodide; and 6,600 ppm of iodide.
Gottardi W. The uptake and release of molecular iodine by the skin: chemical and bactericidal evidence of residual effects caused by povidone-iodine. J. Hosp. Infect. 1995;29:9-18.
Approximately 40 times more molecular iodine was absorbed by skin with the 170 ppm of the aqueous molecular iodine composition than with 10% PVP. Gottardi concluded that molecular iodine is the only form of iodine that is absorbed into skin. The extent of topical absorption is effected by the following parameters: (1) the concentration of molecular iodine; (2) the contact time; (3) the dimensions of the treated area; and (4) the nature of the treated skin. Gottardi was able to demonstrate out-gassing of molecular iodine from skin by both direct chemical measurement and microbiological assessment for up to 24 hours after application. This observation suggests that skin can serve as a reservoir for molecular iodine and that molecular iodine remains stable (i.e., biocidal) while diffusing therein.
Povidone-iodine has been used to treat acne vulgaris, ringworm versicolor, pityriasis versicolor, and cold sores from herpes simplex virus. The concentration of molecular iodine in these formulations was not measured. In each of these disease states molecular iodine was reported to exhibit a beneficial effect.
Brown EJ. A povidone-iodine skin cleanser foam in the management of acne vulgaris. Brit. J. Clin. Practice 1977;31:218-9.
Khan SA. Observations in the treatment of acne vulgaris with a povidone iodine skin cleanser. Brit. J. Clin. Practice 1979;33:289-90.
Cleanse And Tone
Formulated to meet the exacting standards of skincare professionals, skinceuticals cleansers and toners include a variety of active ingredients such as hydroxy acids, botanical extracts, and cleansing agents to lift impurities and oils, gently exfoliate dead skin cells, and balance ph levels. our cleansing and toning products leave the skin feeling fresh and clean without increased dryness or oiliness.
CLARIFYING CLEANSER
Specifically formulated for acne-prone skin, SkinCeuticals Clarifying Cleanser combines salicylic acid, an FDA approved acne treatment, with the exfoliating powers of glycolic and mandelic acids to unclog pores and help improve the appearance of problematic skin. Along with powerful AHA and BHA ingredients, the cleanser also includes smoothly rounded microbeads to gently slough off dead skin cells and cellular debris. Used in conjunction with SkinCeuticals Blemish Control Gel, this gentle cleanser treats existing whiteheads, blackheads, and other acne-related blemishes, while helping to prevent future acne breakouts.
BENEFITS
• Salicylic acid unclogs pores to help treat acne and prevent future breakouts
• Alpha hydroxy acids gently exfoliate dead skin cells to aid in acne prevention
• Microbeads gently remove loosened skin cells without lacerating healthy skin
• Mild soaps in a creamy base ensure effective cleaning without over drying or irritating the skin
• Formulated with a pH lower than the skin’s natural acid mantle, allowing active ingredients to work without irritating skin
• Designed for use on problematic skin
SIMPLY CLEAN
Ideal for combination or oily skin, this skin-refining gel cleanser combines an exfoliating hydroxy acid blend with botanical extracts to gently remove impurities, excess oils, and makeup. Also contains botanical extracts such as chamomile, comfrey, and aloe to help soothe and heal the skin.
BENEFITS
• Five hydroxy acids gently exfoliate dead skin cells
• Clarifies the skin and smoothes out rough texture
• Removes excess oils and makeup
• Ideal for combination or oily skin
CLEANSING CREAM
Ideal for normal or dry skin, this lightweight cream cleanser gently lifts away makeup and surface residues without drying the skin. Hydroxy acids gently exfoliate dead skin cells while botanical extracts such as chamomile, comfrey, yarrow, and aloe soothe and heal the skin. Ginseng is added to improve elasticity.
BENEFITS
• Five hydroxy acids gently exfoliate dead skin cells
• Natural botanical extracts help soothe and heal
• Ideal for use on normal or dry skin
GENTLE CLEANSER
This mild cream cleanser removes excess impurities and oils without drying the skin. Gentle enough to be used several times daily, this non-irritating cleanser conditions, soothes, and calms sensitive or traumatized skin.
BENEFITS
• Non-irritating ingredients
• Contains emollients and skin conditioning ingredients
• Soothing and calming for sensitive or traumatized skin
• Ideal following skin rejuvenating procedures
FOAMING CLEANSER
This lightweight pore cleanser for all skin types deep-cleans pores, removes excess oils, and clears surface impurities leaving the skin feeling completely refreshed. Mild and non-drying, this fragrance-free cleanser contains gentle, non-allergenic ingredients to prevent irritation. Perfect for removing makeup and preparing the skin for SkinCeuticals advanced antioxidant treatments.
BENEFITS
• Non-irritating
• Removes excess oils without causing dryness
• Perfect for removing makeup
• Ideal for all skin types
EQUALIZING TONER
Optimal for combination or oily skin, Equalizing Toner helps balance, refresh, and restore the skin’s protective pH mantle while removing residue. Hydroxy acids help exfoliate dead skin cells while botanical extracts such as witch hazel, rosemary, aloe and chamomile soften, soothe, and tone the skin. This fragrance-free and oil-free toner contains anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory properties.
BENEFITS
• Hydroxy acids gently exfoliate dead skin cells
• Helps restore the skin’s protective pH mantle
• Anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory
• Ideal for combination or oily skin
REVITALIZING TONER
Optimal for normal or dry skin, this alcohol-free and fragrance-free toner helps balance, refresh, and restore the skin’s protective pH mantle while removing residue. Abundant with botanical extracts (aloe, thyme, cucumber, lavender, horsetail, chamomile, calendula, and linden), Revitalizing Toner soothes and moisturizes while hydroxy acids help exfoliate dead skin cells.
BENEFITS
• Hydroxy acids gently exfoliate dead skin cells
• Natural botanical extracts help to restore the skin’s protective pH mantle
• Ideal for use on normal or dry skin
Skin and Body Creams
Traumaide: This emergency cream is ideal for the first aid treatment of soft tissue injury. May be applied immediately and regularly to unbroken skin to help ease pain and bruising.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing Arnica montana, Aconitum napellus, Hypericum perforatum 6x, Calendula officinalis and Echinacea angustifolia.
Wholesale Retail
60ml jar Price (Euro) 12.95 Price (Euro) 18.40
Body Toning: Releases toxins, leaves the skin firm and supple. Skin naturally loses some elasticity with age especially when there is a change in body shape or lifestyle, i.e. after loosing weight or a change from a regular exercise routine. It often needs some help to regain its former tone. Apply daily to the problem areas. Avoid use during pregnancy.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing a blend of oils extracted from traditional herbs comprising of Vitamin E, Grapefruit, Sweet Marjoram and Carrot.
Wholesale Retail
250ml jar Price (Euro) 11.65 Price (Euro) 17.95
Cellubite: Detoxifying massage balm with essential oils to help rid your thighs, hips and buttocks of unsightly “orange peel” effect skin. When massaging this cream into the skin, use upward strokes, i.e. towards the heart, for best results. Combining this with drinking plenty of water will greatly enhance the detoxifying effect.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing a detoxifying blend of oils from traditional herbs comprising of Juniper, Fennel and Geranium.
Wholesale Retail
250ml jar Price (Euro) 11.65 Price (Euro) 17.95
Skin Stretch: Helps repair scar and damaged tissue, smoothes and nourished the skin. Also ideal for stretch marks in both prevention and treatment. Use from as early as three months to gain its full effect. Pleasant and easily absorbed, it can be applied liberally to the abdomen, hips, buttocks and thighs and massaged gently into the skin. Absorption is increased if used directly after bathing.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing a blend of oils extracted from traditional herbs comprising of Vitamin E, Mandarin and Neroli.
Wholesale Retail
250ml jar Price (Euro) 11.65 Price (Euro) 17.95
Lavender Nights: A sumptuous cream designed to combat the visible signs of aging. Lavender oil has been traditionally used as an aid to sleep by using it in bath tubs and directly onto pillows. Ideally used as a night cream, when rejuvenation is at its peak, it is also a very suitable make-up base. With the delicious bland of aromas this product helps to induce the wonderful feeling of relaxation.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing a rich blend of Juniper, Lavender, Sandalwood, Frankincense, Jojoba, Evening Primrose and Vitamin E oil.
Wholesale Retail
50ml jar Price (Euro) 12.70 Price (Euro) 19.55
Evening Primrose: Suitable for treating skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. It also soothes the skin to ease the effects of these particular skin conditions.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing extracts of pure Evening primrose and Vitamin E oil.
Wholesale Retail
50ml jar Price (Euro) 5.55 Price (Euro) 8.55
NuDerma: Anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory cream, suitable for athletes foot, ringworm, psoriasis and itching.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing Tea tree oil, Plantago major, Juglans nigra, Lobelia inflata and Vitamin E.
Wholesale Retail
60ml jar Price (Euro) 6.85 Price (Euro) 10.55
Vitamin E: Helps heal and repair the skin, reducing the risk of scarring from wounds or acne. It promotes healthy skin and helps treat acne. It is suitable for all skin types.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing a concentrate of Vitamin E.
Wholesale Retail
50ml jar Price (Euro) 5.55 Price (Euro) 8.55
For further information please contact:
New Vistas Healthcare Ltd.,
Plassey Park,
Limerick.
Tel: 061 334455
Fax: 061 331515
Email: info@newvistashealthcare.com
Website: www.newvistashealthcare.com
01/09/2006
Skin and Body Creams
Traumaide: This emergency cream is ideal for the first aid treatment of soft tissue injury. May be applied immediately and regularly to unbroken skin to help ease pain and bruising.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing Arnica montana, Aconitum napellus, Hypericum perforatum 6x, Calendula officinalis and Echinacea angustifolia.
Wholesale Retail
60ml jar Price (Stg) 5.80 Price (Stg) 10.50
Body Toning: Releases toxins, leaves the skin firm and supple. Skin naturally loses some elasticity with age especially when there is a change in body shape or lifestyle, i.e. after loosing weight or a change from a regular exercise routine. It often needs some help to regain its former tone. Apply daily to the problem areas. Avoid use during pregnancy.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing a blend of oils extracted from traditional herbs comprising of Vitamin E, Grapefruit, Sweet Marjoram and Carrot.
Wholesale Retail
250ml jar Price (Stg) 7.55 Price (Stg) 16.95
Cellubite: Detoxifying massage balm with essential oils to help rid your thighs, hips and buttocks of unsightly “orange peel” effect skin. When massaging this cream into the skin, use upward strokes, i.e. towards the heart, for best results. Combining this with drinking plenty of water will greatly enhance the detoxifying effect.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing a detoxifying blend of oils from traditional herbs comprising of Juniper, Fennel and Geranium.
Wholesale Retail
250ml jar Price (Stg) 7.55 Price (Stg) 16.95
Skin Stretch: Helps repair scar and damaged tissue, smoothes and nourished the skin. Also ideal for stretch marks in both prevention and treatment. Use from as early as three months to gain its full effect. Pleasant and easily absorbed, it can be applied liberally to the abdomen, hips, buttocks and thighs and massaged gently into the skin. Absorption is increased if used directly after bathing.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing a blend of oils extracted from traditional herbs comprising of Vitamin E, Mandarin and Neroli.
Wholesale Retail
250ml jar Price (Stg) 7.55 Price (Stg) 16.95
01/09/2006
Lavender Nights: A sumptuous cream designed to combat the visible signs of aging. Lavender oil has been traditionally used as an aid to sleep by using it in bath tubs and directly onto pillows. Ideally used as a night cream, when rejuvenation is at its peak, it is also a very suitable make-up base. With the delicious bland of aromas this product helps to induce the wonderful feeling of relaxation.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing a rich blend of Juniper, Lavender, Sandalwood, Frankincense, Jojoba, Evening Primrose and Vitamin E oil.
Wholesale Retail
50ml jar Price (Stg) 10.05 Price (Stg) 18.15
Evening Primrose: Suitable for treating skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. It also soothes the skin to ease the effects of these particular skin conditions.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing extracts of pure Evening primrose and Vitamin E oil.
Wholesale Retail
50ml jar Price (Stg) 3.60 Price (Stg) 6.50
NuDerma: Anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory cream, suitable for athletes foot, ringworm, psoriasis and itching.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing Tea tree oil, Plantago major, Juglans nigra, Lobelia inflata and Vitamin E.
Wholesale Retail
60ml jar Price (Stg) 4.70 Price (Stg) 8.50
Vitamin E: Helps heal and repair the skin, reducing the risk of scarring from wounds or acne. It promotes healthy skin and helps treat acne. It is suitable for all skin types.
Ingredients: A natural cream base containing a concentrate of Vitamin E.
Wholesale Retail
50ml jar Price (Stg) 3.60 Price (Stg) 6.50
For further information please contact:
New Vistas Healthcare Ltd.,
Plassey Park,
Limerick, Ireland.
Tel: 00 353 61 334455
Fax: 00 353 61 331515
Email: info@newvistashealthcare.com
Website: www.newvistashealthcare.com
What is acne ?
Acne usually starts shortly after puberty and begins because of hormonal changes and increased oil secretion. However, it is common to see patients (particularly women) in their 30s, 40s, and 50s with adult onset acne. Internal hormonal changes and starting/stopping/switching birth control pills may play a role. Acne develops when hair follicles, the site of acne, get plugged with dead skin cells. Then sebum (oil) and bacteria accumulate and lead to inflammation. Stress may aggravate acne. Studies do not show any relationship between food and acne.
Types of Acne Lesions:
Blackhead (open comedone): Oil and dead cells leave a black plug on the skin surface.
Whitehead (closed comedone): Oil and dead skin cells leave a plug below the skin surface.
Papules (red pimples) and white pustules: The material in the plugged hair follicle seeps through the walls of the follicle and causes redness and tenderness.
Cyst: A very deep, ruptured, inflamed follicle.
Acne Treatment:
Therapy should help lessen the severity and reduce the amount of scarring, which could result from acne if left untreated. Different combinations of medications may need to be tried to determine which combination is best for you. It will take 8 to 12 weeks to see results in most people. Medications only suppress acne. If you stop your therapy, your acne is likely to recur.
Topical antibiotics: (clindamycin, erythromycin) These help decrease or kill skin bacteria.
Oral antibiotics: (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, and others) Help decrease redness and kill bacteria. These are most helpful for red papules and cysts.
Retinoids: (Retin A, Differin, Avita, Tazorac). These unclog pores to eliminate blackheads and whiteheads.
Benzoyl peroxides: (Triaz, Brevoxyl) These unclog pores and prevent bacteria growth. They help prevent antibiotic resistance.
Finacea, Azelex: These unclogs pores and may help decrease bacteria.
Oral contraceptives: (Ortho tri-cyclen, Orthocept, others): These are sometimes helpful in women.
Accutane: This is our most potent acne medication. It has many possible side effects and is usually reserved for severe acne or for when other medications are not working well.
Skin Care:
Wash your face two times per day with a mild soap of soap-free cleanser. (Dove, Oil of Olay foaming face wash, Cetaphil cleanser, Neutrogena or Purpose cleansers for sensitive skin.) DO NOT use harsh soaps and do not scrub vigorously.
If we place you on topical retinoids, please stop any over the counter acne cleansers or creams. Medications for acne are applied to all involved areas; topical not just individual blemishes.
Use a noncomedogenic moisturizer on any dry or irritated areas on your face (Purpose facial, Neutrogena facial, DML facial, Oil of Olay Complete).
All cosmetics, moisturizers, and sunscreens should be noncomedogenic, meaning that they will not clog your pores. Look for this word in print on the label or packaging.
FOR WOMEN ONLY:
Oral antibiotics may decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. A second method of contraception is advised if this concerns you.
All prescribed acne medications should be discontinued if you decide to attempt pregnancy or when you become pregnant unless okay with your obstetrician.
Accutane is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy.
Washing:
Wash gently but thoroughly twice daily with the recommended cleanser. Avoid harsh scrubs, masks, and other non-prescription products.
Glycolic acid products aid in reduction of comedones (whiteheads and blackheads). These may be used as an after-cleansing step, before benzoyl peroxide, Differin or Retin-A, or topical antibiotics once or twice daily.
Recommended cleansers:
Sensitive, less oily skin: Cetaphil Gentle Skin Cleanser, Cetaphil Gentle Cleansing Bar or Antibacterial Bar, Dove unscented soap, Salac Wash)
Oily or Combination skin: Cetaphil Oily Skin Cleanser, Purpose, Neutrogena’s oil-free acne wash.)
Diet:
A balanced diet is good for everyone. There are no absolute food restrictions; however, chocolate, caffeine, excess milk and milk products, nuts and soft drinks may cause problems for some people, and if they seem to bother you, then avoid them. Drink eight glasses of water daily. Three glasses of skim milk daily is recommended for optimum calcium needs.
Hair:
Keep your hair clean and off your face. Avoid hats and bands that rub the forehead. Wash daily, if needed. Avoid hairspray. Change pillow case nightly if hair spray is used, or wash hair before sleeping.
Cosmetics:
Make-up should be non-comedogenic or non-acnegenic only. Examples of make-ups include: Neutrogena, Clinique Pore Minimizer, Clinique Stay – True, and Almay Oil Free.
Moisturizers include: Cetaphil Moisturizing Lotion or Creme, and Almay Oil-Free Cream. Some products say oil-free but can worsen acne with other ingredients. Read the labels of products and avoid:
Acetylated lanolins
Isocetyl stearate
Myristyl lactate
Peanut
Aloe
Isopropyl isotstearate
Myristyl myristate
PPG-2 myristyl palmitate
Butyl Stearate
Isopropyl myristate
Nalauryl sulfate
Propylene glycol monostearate
Cocoa butter
Isopropyl palmitate
Oleyl alcohol
Red dye
Coconut linseed
Isotearyl neopentanoate
Octyl palmitate
Sesame
D&C Red #9 & 27
Laureth-4
Octyl stearate
Vegetable oils
Decyl Oleate
Other questionable ingredients are lanolin, petrolatum, and mineral oil, especially greater than 15%. True oil-free products contain no animal, mineral or vegetable oil.
Skin Care:
Don’t squeeze or pick at blemishes. It causes more inflammation and larger involvement, which may lead to permanent discoloration or scarring. Don’t prop the phone on your chin or hold your hand to your face.
Use only the medications prescribed for you and only as ordered. Doubling up won’t double the effect and is usually harmful. Always tell us if you change your routine.
Skin:
Some dryness to your skin is desirable in this treatment. Avoid over-moisturizing. You do not need to be red and flaky, however.
Topicals:
Apply topical medicine in a thin layer to the entire involved area, not just individual blemishes. Do not stop your medicines when your skin clears! Acne medicines are primarily preventive, and are used to prevent breakouts. If you stop using them, your blemishes will return.
If problems or questions arise before your next visit, come in sooner or call the office and we’ll be glad to help you. If you can’t make your appointment, please remember to call and cancel.
My acne and acne scars
That is one most common questions posed to me. Acne is an all too common issue that has plagued each of us at one time or another. Unfortunately, it is such a visual ailment that it can cause self-esteem problems, especially in the teenager years. However, with all the treatment options available today, there is no reason why this should still be the case. All forms of acne can be treated and controlled.
Acne commonly starts in the early teen years, when the oil glands in the body start making more sebum (oil). Some people also have too many "sticky" skin cells. In people with acne, these cells mix with the oil and plug up the hair follicles in the skin. These plugs trap bacteria in the follicles, which can cause the follicles to swell. Tender red bumps are the result. If the follicle wall breaks near the skin surface, these bumps can develop into pimples.
Both boys and girls can get acne, but boys can potentially get it worse because they have more skin oils. You can also get if your mother or father had acne. Some of the things that can make acne worse include oil based makeup, suntan oils, hair gels and sprays, menstruation in girls, picking or squeezing, hard rubbing of the skin and sun exposure.
A "whitehead" results when the follicle is plugged with oil and skin cells. If this plug reaches the surface of the skin and the air touches it, it turns black and is called a "blackhead." A blackhead isn't caused by dirt.
If the wall of a plugged follicle breaks, the area swells and turns into a red bump. If the follicle wall breaks near the skin surface, the bump usually becomes a pimple. If the wall breaks deep in the skin, acne nodules or cysts can form. This is called cystic acne.
Acne can be treated in a number of ways. It can be treated with over the counter meds, prescription meds, or even with microdermabrasion.
Benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, salicylic acid, and sulfur are the most common over-the-counter medications used to treat acne. These meds usually help with minor acne but are a waste of money for any significant acne problem.
Prescription meds include topical antibiotics and other topical gels, lotions, creams and oral medications.
Retinoids, such as Tretinoin (brand names: Retin-A, Avita, Altinac cream) and Adapalene (brand name: Differin), are other medicines for treating acne. If you use a retinoid, you must avoid the sun or use a strong sunscreen because this medicine increases your risk of getting a very bad sunburn.
Isotretinoin (Accutane) may be used to treat severe cystic acne that doesn't get better with other treatments. It's a pill that is taken once a day by mouth for 15 to 20 weeks. I am not a big fan of accutane.
In girls, isotretinoin can cause very serious side effects such as birth defects and miscarriages. It should never be taken during pregnancy or even 1 month before pregnancy. Girls must use 2 types of birth control or not have sex while they take isotretinoin, as well as 1 month before they start and 1 month after they stop taking it.
Acne, especially cystic acne, can cause scars in some people. You can help reduce scarring by not squeezing or picking at blemishes. Also, avoid scrubbing your skin. Gentle washing is better. If you do get scars, treatments are available.
Microdermabrasion is useful in both treating acne and acne scars. In microdermabraison, aluminum oxide crystals are used to remove the dead keratinized layer above the epidermis of the skin. In addition to removing acne scarring, microdermabrasion is used to reduce hyper-pigmented lesions, to achieve glowing healthy skin, and for almost any other skin problem. It can be used on the face, back, arms and anywhere on the body. It helps to make the skin look “flawless”. It can be used on men, women and children. Many patients have said they did not think it was possible to remove their acne scars were amazed at the results. The recommended treatment course is approximately four 25-minute treatments spaced two weeks apart from one another. We have seen wonderful results in treatment of cystic acne and acne scars in our office and other offices.
It’s very easy to get trapped by “info-mercials” that promise you the solution to acne that you’ve been looking for. Play it safe—ask your physician about these pricey treatments before shelling out your hard-earned cash. A medical doctor can recommend safer, more cost-effective solutions for those menacing blemishes.